Amnesty International has alleged that Indian companies, including three defence firms wholly owned by the Central government, continued supplying weapons, ammunition and military components to Israel during the war in Gaza, raising concerns that India could be complicit in violations of international law.
In a report titled “Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel”, released on July 30, the rights organisation said it analysed 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, military vehicle components and related parts exported from India to Israel between October 7, 2023, and November 30, 2025.
According to Amnesty, Indian companies supplied at least 390,516 small arms parts, 564,970 explosive ordnance components, including drone warhead and artillery shell parts, and 298 military vehicle components. The organisation said these figures are conservative estimates because it excluded shipments that may have been intended for civilian or defensive use and data that could not be independently verified.
Three government-owned defence firms named
Amnesty identified three defence public sector undertakings owned by the Government of India among the suppliers: Munitions India Limited (MIL), India Optel Limited (IOL) and Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWEIL).
The report alleged that MIL supplied 1,000 high-explosive 155 mm artillery shells to Israeli defence company Elbit Systems. It said IOL exported 178 semiconductor items, including infrared sensors, to Semiconductor Devices Ltd, a joint venture involving Elbit and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. AWEIL was also alleged to have exported 120 mortar launchers to Elbit in February 2024.
Amnesty argued that because these companies are wholly government-owned and function under the Ministry of Defence, their exports amount to transfers by the Indian state itself.
Private companies also mentioned
The report also named several private firms allegedly involved in defence exports to Israel.
According to Amnesty, PLR Systems, a joint venture between the Adani Group and Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), exported parts for Negev machine guns and bolt carriers. Indo-MIM Private Limited allegedly supplied automatic weapon components, while Kalyani Strategic Systems, part of the Bharat Forge Group, exported artillery shell casings.
Other companies mentioned include Alpha Elsec Defence & Aerospace Systems, Ashoka Manufacturing Private Limited, and Premier Explosives Limited.
Amnesty calls for immediate arms embargo
Amnesty said Indian authorities “knew or should have known” that these exports carried a substantial risk of contributing to serious violations of international law, citing the International Court of Justice’s January 2024 provisional order in the South Africa case against Israel.
“India has become a significant actor in the supply chains enabling Israel’s military operations,” the report said, adding that New Delhi continued expanding defence cooperation with Israel despite international calls to halt arms transfers.
The organisation urged the Indian government to immediately stop all military exports to Israel, impose a comprehensive arms embargo, strengthen export laws by introducing mandatory human rights assessments and join the Arms Trade Treaty, which India has not signed.
India has maintained defence ties with Israel
India and Israel have maintained close defence cooperation for decades. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was Israel’s largest defence customer between 2020 and 2025, while Israel remained India’s third-largest arms supplier after Russia and France.
The report also noted that India abstained from United Nations resolutions in 2024 calling on countries to suspend arms transfers to Israel. It further pointed out that India and Israel signed a memorandum of understanding on defence cooperation in November 2025.
The Supreme Court had earlier declined to intervene in a petition seeking a halt to arms exports to Israel, holding that decisions on foreign policy and defence exports fall within the executive’s domain.
Israel has consistently rejected allegations of genocide and war crimes in Gaza. Meanwhile, the Indian government had not publicly responded to Amnesty International’s report at the time of publication.
